Pulmonary Embolism Treatment | VSHouston Specialist Care

Pulmonary Embolism

Pulmonary embolism is a sudden blockage of an artery in the lung, usually caused by a blood clot in the pulmonary artery, which carries blood from the heart to the lungs. It is considered a potentially life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical intervention. The severity of the condition depends on the size of the blood clot. The chances of surviving a pulmonary embolism increase with prompt diagnosis and treatment.

Causes

A pulmonary embolism is primarily caused by a blood clot that originates in the deep veins of the muscles, usually in the legs. This condition is known as deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Several factors increase the risk of developing DVT, which can subsequently lead to a pulmonary embolism. These include genetic predisposition, a history of major surgery, cancer, hip or leg fractures, previous stroke or heart attack, obesity, smoking, and the use of contraceptive pills, among others

Symptoms

Common symptoms of pulmonary embolism include sharp chest pain that may radiate to the shoulder, neck, arm, or jaw; coughing; shortness of breath; sweating; dizziness; restlessness; anxiety; a rapid heartbeat; fainting; and lightheadedness.

Diagnosis

The doctor will first assess your general health, medical history, and symptoms. After a physical examination, diagnostic tests such as a chest X-ray and ECG may be ordered. Additional tests, including a CT scan, ELISA, venography, and ultrasound, may be required to determine the severity of the condition. In some cases, pulmonary angiography may be recommended for a clearer view of the blood vessels

Treatment

There are several effective treatment options for pulmonary embolism. Treatment begins immediately after diagnosis to prevent complications that could be life-threatening. Oxygen therapy is administered right away to relieve breathlessness. Your vascular surgeon will determine the most suitable treatment based on the severity of your condition.

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Anticoagulants

Your doctor may prescribe anticoagulant medication to thin the blood. Anticoagulants help prevent new clots from forming and assist in breaking down existing clots

Filters

Your doctor may place a medical filter in the large vein (inferior vena cava) using a thin tube. This procedure is typically recommended if anticoagulants are ineffective or unsuitable for treatment. If anticoagulant therapy is not advised, such as during pregnancy, filters may be used as an alternative treatment option.

Catheter

The doctor will first evaluate your overall health, medical history, and symptoms. After a physical examination, diagnostic tests such as a chest X-ray and ECG may be ordered. Additional tests, including a CT scan, ELISA, venography, and ultrasound, may be necessary to assess the severity of the condition. In some cases, a pulmonary angiography may be recommended to obtain a clearer view of the blood vessels

Surgery

In rare cases, your surgeon may recommend the removal of the clot through a procedure called pulmonary embolectomy if other treatments are ineffective. During this surgery, the surgeon uses a catheter to break up the clot and restore blood flow.

Prevention

Preventing pulmonary embolism begins with the prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The following steps can help reduce the risk of pulmonary embolism

1

Engage in daily physical exercise and stay active.

2

Adopt healthy eating habits and a balanced lifestyle.

3

Follow your doctor's instructions regarding anticoagulant medications after certain surgeries.